Specific Learning Disability

Specific Learning Disability refers to a child with a normal intelligence level experiencing difficulties in learning and applying reading, writing, and mathematical skills. It is a neurological disorder that persists throughout an individual’s life. In children diagnosed with this disorder, there are no associated neurological or physical conditions, nor is there intellectual disability or Autism Spectrum Disorder.

It is essential to differentiate Specific Learning Disability from intellectual disability. Intellectual disability is characterized by a deficiency in all functions in a child. However, a child with Specific Learning Disability only has difficulties in reading, writing, and mathematics.

Children experiencing Specific Learning Disability have a challenging educational journey. Besides the inability to achieve academic success, they also face problems in their daily social interactions. As a result, the child may also be negatively affected psychologically. The exact cause of this lifelong difficulty is not fully understood, but research indicates that genetic factors may play a role.

There are three subtypes of Specific Learning Disability. A child may exhibit only one of these types, or they may show all three simultaneously.

Reading Disorder (Dyslexia)  

Dyslexia is characterized by a child falling below the expected reading skill level for their age and developmental trajectory. It is the most well-known type of learning disability. Symptoms include mixing up letters and reading incorrectly, skipping or omitting letters, omitting or skipping certain words, and changing the order of letters in words.

Mathematics Disorder (Dyscalculia)  

Dyscalculia occurs when a child’s mathematical skills are below those of their peers or average intelligence level. Difficulties may include understanding mathematical symbols and abstract concepts, inability to comprehend and solve math problems, and struggles with counting numbers.

Written Expression Disorder (Dysgraphia)  

Dysgraphia refers to a child’s writing skills falling below the expected level based on their developmental stage and education. Symptoms include inability to format pages correctly, failure to construct paragraphs, frequent spelling errors, improper use of punctuation marks, noncompliance with grammar rules, incorrect syllabication, and messy or complex handwriting.

Treatment of Specific Learning Disability  

The treatment of Specific Learning Disability is specially planned for each child. In addition to the child’s regular education, a specialized training program is implemented. Treatment is also applied for accompanying disorders such as Anxiety Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Depressive Disorders. The negative psychological effects of Learning Disability are minimized.